In the previous video, I showed you the basic electrical circuit and how you connect it from the power supply through the switch to the load and then back to the other side of the power supply. But this little motor that comes in this kit is is really quite cool, and I want to show you a little bit about how that works. To start with, let's just energize it up, I'm just gon na eliminate the switch altogether and just connect one half of the power supply to each side here. So, as you can see it really easily, you can see this thing's really spinning just on a single double a 1.5 volt battery, and if I change the polarity on it, it'll spin in the opposite direction.

It's got two permanent magnets here on the outside, so this functions you know in a typical AC motor. We would call this the stator and we would call the inside part of the rotor. Of course, this is a DC motor and you can see here that they're opposite polarity, because you can see they stick together. So one half is negative and the other half is positive and then the connection points are made on this underside and they go up through and connect to these two little metal rods here these little metal plates and those function like brushes.

In fact that you know they really are brushes, even though they aren't made like typical brushes and how they connect in, is they actually rub on this shaft? And you can see this shaft has three splits in it. So one two three and in any given time, there's a potential difference across two of them at a time, and you can see how these are wound around these windings to connect to two different ones at a time as well. So that way, there's this constant attraction and then push attraction and push to these permanent magnets that we've got and so they're constantly interacting with these permanent magnets as it spins around. So as it comes through, it'll push away and then it'll pull and then it'll push away and pull push away and pull on both sides, and so really, if we think of this, like an alternating current motor in this case, it's not alternating current.

The current going into it is direct current, but it's sort of still doing the same thing by constantly connecting and disconnecting the electricity that connects to this electrical winding. And so as these electrical windings energized and D energized they're attracting and repelling against these permanent magnets. And that's why they would call this a permanent magnet DC motor. Now this has the permanent magnets on the outside and you can actually have you know permanent magnet, rotors, there's different types of motors that exist, but in this case the permanent magnets are on the exterior, but how it function is just really cool and the speed of The motor is dictated by the voltage.

I've actually run this little motor with a 9-volt battery, and that thing it looks like it's about to spin apart, but it just shows you how truly simple these little motors are and, of course, on a regular DC motor. It's these brushes that would tend to wear out because it has to have this constant friction. So again, we use different terms for DC and AC motors in a lot of cases, but you know on an AC motor. We would call the outside the stator and the inside.

We would call the rotor, and you know we have some permanent magnet rotors. In this case we have permanent magnets state or what we would call stator magnets. Often they can be called field magnets. In some cases.

There's, what's called a series wound motor, a DC motor that has field windings, which means that it actually has electromagnets on both the outside in the inside. But in this case we've got these permanent magnets on the outside, and we would call these. You know stator magnets or field magnets and then on the inside. We've got our armature, which is the part that that turns right here and then we have the windings that wrap around the armature.

And then this part right here where the brush is what we would traditionally call brushes connect. That's what we call the commutator of the motor, but the main thing to know is: is that it's just it's just such a simple design, that's using an interaction between electromagnetic field, that's generated in these coils here, that's connected through these brushes and these the split in The commutator, as you see this thing, rotate around you see these little splits here, but really, if you think about it, it's so similar to a three-phase motor we've got three separate windings that are interacting with stationary magnetic fields and causing it to spin as they go From positive to negative and negative to positive, really quite simple, really elegant and I think it's a pretty cool design and again it all relies on a power source that creates that or that provides that potential difference and then a switch that controls it on and off. So there you go, that is a basic DC electric motor.